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MantrasJanuary 21, 202511 min read

Vishnu Sahasranama: Journey Through the Thousand Names

Introduction to Vishnu Sahasranama—the thousand names of Lord Vishnu. Learn about its significance, benefits, and how to begin this profound practice.



Blue-skinned Lord Vishnu deity statue with golden crown
Lord Vishnu: The cosmic preserver with a thousand divine names

Vishnu Sahasranama: Journey Through the Thousand Names

The Vishnu Sahasranama (विष्णुसहस्रनाम) is one of the most sacred texts in Hinduism—a hymn containing thousand names of Lord Vishnu, the Preserver. Reciting it is considered a complete spiritual practice.


What is Vishnu Sahasranama?

Sahasra = Thousand
Nama = Names

It's a stotra (hymn) from the Anushasana Parva of the Mahabharata, where Bhishma, lying on his bed of arrows, teaches Yudhishthira the thousand names of Vishnu.

Key Facts

  • Source: Mahabharata, Anushasana Parva

  • Speaker: Bhishma

  • Listener: Yudhishthira

  • Length: 107 verses containing 1000 names

  • Time to recite: 20-30 minutes

  • Language: Sanskrit

  • Practice This Mantra

    Listen to the pronunciation and start learning


    The Structure

    Opening Verses


    Invocation and setting the context.

    The 1000 Names


    Names 1-1000, arranged in verses with specific meter.

    Phala Shruti


    Description of benefits of recitation.

    Closing Verses


    Conclusion and benediction.


    Sample Names and Meanings

    Each name describes an aspect of Vishnu:

    NameMeaning

    विश्वं (Viśvam)The Universe
    विष्णुः (Viṣṇuḥ)All-pervading
    वषट्कारः (Vaṣaṭkāraḥ)Object of sacrifice
    भूतभव्यभवत्प्रभुः (Bhūtabhavyabhavatprabhuḥ)Lord of past, future, present
    भूतकृत् (Bhūtakṛt)Creator of beings
    अच्युतः (Acyutaḥ)Infallible
    नारायणः (Nārāyaṇaḥ)Refuge of beings


    Benefits According to Tradition

    The Phala Shruti (fruit of recitation) describes extensive benefits:

    Spiritual Benefits

  • Liberation from cycle of birth and death

  • Purification of accumulated karma

  • Direct connection with Vishnu

  • Spiritual merit for multiple lifetimes
  • Worldly Benefits

    The text states different benefits for different concerns:

    For fame: Regular recitation brings recognition

    For wealth: Brings prosperity

    For knowledge: Grants wisdom

    For sons: Blesses with children

    For victory: Ensures success

    The Great Promise

    The text famously states that even a single sincere recitation destroys great sins and grants immense merit.


    How to Begin

    Start Small

    The full Sahasranama takes 20-30 minutes. If this seems daunting:

  • Learn the opening: Start with just the first few verses

  • Add gradually: Add 10 names per week

  • Build up: Eventually complete the full text
  • Alternative: 108 Names

    The Ashtottara Shata Nama (108 names) is a shorter version that can be chanted in 5-10 minutes.

    Or: Key Names Only

    Some traditions emphasize certain names as especially powerful. Start with these and expand.


    Practice Guidelines

    Traditional Method

  • Purification: Bathe and wear clean clothes

  • Time: Early morning (ideal) or evening

  • Direction: Face East or North

  • Seat: Clean mat or asana

  • Lamp: Light a ghee or oil lamp if possible
  • The Recitation

  • Begin with Dhyana (meditation verses)

  • Recite the Sahasranama

  • Conclude with Phala Shruti

  • Offer mental prostrations
  • Minimum Commitment

  • Daily recitation is ideal

  • If not daily, then Ekadashi (11th lunar day)

  • At minimum, Thursdays (Vishnu's day)

  • Pronunciation Challenges

    The Sahasranama contains complex Sanskrit. Key challenges include:

    Compound Words

    Many names are compounds:

  • भूतभव्यभवत्प्रभुः = भूत + भव्य + भवत् + प्रभुः

  • Break them down mentally
  • Visargas and Anusvara

    Frequent endings that must be pronounced correctly:

  • विष्णुः (not vishnu)

  • वषट्कारः (not vashatkara)
  • Long and Short Vowels

    Pay attention to marks:

  • नारायणः (Nārāyaṇaḥ) - long "a" sounds

  • विष्णुः (Viṣṇuḥ) - short "u"

  • Learning Resources

    With a Teacher

    Traditional learning with a guru who:

  • Teaches correct pronunciation

  • Explains meanings

  • Transmits the tradition
  • Audio Learning

    Listen repeatedly to:

  • Traditional scholar recordings

  • MS Subbulakshmi's famous rendition

  • Temple recordings
  • Text Resources

    Use texts with:

  • Clear Devanagari

  • Accurate transliteration

  • Word-by-word meanings

  • The Thousand-Name Tradition

    Sahasranama (thousand-name) hymns exist for many deities:

    DeityText

    VishnuVishnu Sahasranama
    ShivaShiva Sahasranama
    LalitaLalita Sahasranama
    GaneshaGanesha Sahasranama

    Each follows a similar structure but praises different aspects of the Divine.


    Daily Practice Integration

    Time Required

  • Full recitation: 20-30 minutes

  • With meditation: 35-45 minutes

  • Minimum practice: 10 minutes (selected portions)
  • When to Practice

    Ideal: Brahma Muhurta (pre-dawn)
    Good: Morning before work
    Acceptable: Evening before dinner
    Avoid: Late night, immediately after meals

    Building the Habit

    Week 1: Dhyana verses only
    Week 2: Add first 50 names
    Week 3: Add next 50 names
    Continue until complete...


    Special Occasions

    Ekadashi

    The 11th day of each lunar fortnight is especially sacred for Vishnu worship. Sahasranama recitation on this day carries special merit.

    Kartik Month

    The month of Kartik (October-November) is Vishnu's month. Daily recitation during this month is considered highly beneficial.

    Vaikunta Ekadashi

    The most sacred Ekadashi of the year. Many do multiple recitations on this day.


    The Inner Meaning

    Beyond ritual, the Sahasranama teaches:

  • Unity in diversity: 1000 names for one reality

  • The nature of the Divine: Each name is a meditation

  • Devotion through sound: The power of sacred speech

  • Progressive understanding: Deeper meanings reveal over time

  • Getting Started Today

    You don't need to memorize all 1000 names to begin:

  • Find an accurate audio recording

  • Follow along with the text

  • Learn a few names each day

  • Gradually build your practice

  • Eventually chant independently
  • The journey of a thousand names begins with one name.


    Practice Vishnu Sahasranama with AI pronunciation feedback at Vedic Voice.

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