Back to Blog
ScienceJanuary 24, 202514 min read

The Science of OM: Why This 3-Letter Sound Changes Your Brain

From ancient yogis to modern neuroscience—discover why OM (AUM) creates measurable changes in brain waves, heart rate, and nervous system function.



Person meditating at sunrise in peaceful setting

The Science of OM: Why This 3-Letter Sound Changes Your Brain

Every spiritual tradition has its sacred sounds. But none have been studied, analyzed, and verified quite like OM.

This single syllable—written as ॐ in Devanagari—has been chanted for at least 5,000 years. And modern science is finally catching up to what yogis have known all along: OM literally rewires your nervous system.

Let's break down exactly what happens when you chant this primordial sound.


First: It's Not "OM"—It's "AUM"


📌The Three Sounds

The symbol ॐ represents three distinct sounds (A-U-M) plus a fourth element—silence.

When pronounced correctly, OM contains:

  • "A" (अ) - Pronounced "ah" - vibrates in the belly and chest

  • "U" (उ) - Pronounced "oo" - vibrates in the throat

  • "M" (म्) - The humming - vibrates in the skull

  • Silence - The space after - represents transcendence
  • The Sanskrit term is "Pranava"—meaning "that which pervades life" or "the primordial sound."


    What Ancient Texts Say

    The Mandukya Upanishad (arguably the most concise Upanishad at just 12 verses) is entirely devoted to explaining OM:

    "OM is the bow, the self is the arrow, Brahman is the target. With concentration, one should strike the target and become one with it like the arrow."
    — Mundaka Upanishad 2.2.4

    The four states of consciousness mapped to AUM:

    SoundStateConsciousness

    AWaking (Jagrat)Awareness of external world
    UDreaming (Svapna)Awareness of internal world
    MDeep sleep (Sushupti)Unified consciousness
    SilenceTuriyaPure awareness beyond states


    The Neuroscience: What Actually Happens

    Study 1: Vagus Nerve Activation

    A 2011 study published in the International Journal of Yoga found that OM chanting significantly stimulates the vagus nerve—the longest nerve in your body, connecting brain to gut.

    Vagal tone
    increased after just 5 minutes of OM chanting
    Heart rate variability
    improved (sign of stress resilience)
    Limbic deactivation
    observed (reduced anxiety response)
    Default Mode Network
    quieted (less mental chatter)

    The vagus nerve controls:

  • Heart rate

  • Digestion

  • Immune response

  • Inflammation

  • Mood regulation
  • This is why chanting feels calming—you're literally switching your nervous system from "fight or flight" to "rest and digest."

    Study 2: The 7.83 Hz Connection

    Researchers have measured the frequency of OM chanting at approximately 7.83 Hz—which happens to match the Schumann Resonance, Earth's electromagnetic "heartbeat."

    This isn't mysticism. The Schumann Resonance is a real, measurable phenomenon:

  • Created by lightning activity in the ionosphere

  • Oscillates at 7.83 Hz (primary) with harmonics

  • Associated with alpha brain waves in humans
  • When you chant OM at the right pitch, you're literally resonating with the planet's fundamental frequency.

    Study 3: MRI Brain Changes

    A fascinating 2018 study used fMRI imaging to observe brains during OM chanting:

    Findings:

  • Deactivation of the right amygdala (fear/anxiety center)

  • Activation of the thalamus (sensory processing)

  • Increased theta wave activity (deep meditation state)

  • Bilateral activation of auditory cortex
  • The researchers noted these changes were unique to OM and didn't occur with other sounds like "ssss."


    The Physics of the Sound

    Why "M" Creates Vibration in the Skull

    The humming "M" at the end of OM creates a phenomenon called bone conduction:

  • Your vocal cords vibrate

  • Sound travels through bones (especially the skull)

  • The vibration reaches the inner ear via bone, not air

  • Creates a "massage" effect on cranial structures
  • This is why the "M" sound feels like it's vibrating inside your head—because it literally is. The vibration stimulates:

  • Pineal gland (associated with melatonin, often called the "third eye")

  • Pituitary gland (master hormone controller)

  • Hypothalamus (autonomic function controller)
  • The Resonant Chamber Effect

    Your skull is basically a resonant chamber. When you produce the right frequency, you get standing waves—vibrations that stay in place rather than traveling.

    The traditional recommendation to chant OM 108 times isn't arbitrary. It takes approximately 10-15 minutes—enough time for the brain to:

  • Recognize the pattern

  • Entrain to the frequency

  • Shift into alpha/theta state

  • Maintain that state

  • How to Chant OM Correctly

    The Technique

  • Sit comfortably - spine straight, relaxed shoulders

  • Inhale deeply through the nose

  • Begin with "A" - mouth wide open, sound from belly (30% of breath)

  • Transition to "U" - lips round, sound from throat (40% of breath)

  • End with "M" - lips closed, humming vibrates skull (30% of breath)

  • Hold silence - feel the vibration continue internally

  • Repeat - traditionally 3, 7, 21, or 108 times
  • Common Mistakes

    Rushing through it - Each OM should take 10-15 seconds
    Skipping the silence - The pause after is where integration happens
    Making it nasal - The "M" should vibrate in the skull, not the nose
    Forcing it - OM should be effortless, not strained

    The Ideal Frequency

    Traditional texts suggest the pitch that creates the most skull resonance is around 136.1 Hz—which is the "cosmic OM" frequency some musicians use.

    However, the most important thing is finding YOUR resonant pitch. Experiment until you feel the vibration throughout your skull.


    OM in Different Traditions

    Hinduism


  • The sound from which the universe emerged

  • Represents Brahman (ultimate reality)

  • Begins and ends most prayers
  • Buddhism


  • Often spelled "Om Mani Padme Hum"

  • Represents the Buddha's body, speech, and mind

  • The most famous mantra of Tibetan Buddhism
  • Jainism


  • Represents the five parameshthis (supreme beings)

  • Each letter corresponds to different levels of spiritual development
  • Sikhism


  • Written as "Ik Onkar" (ੴ)

  • Opens the Guru Granth Sahib

  • Represents the one supreme reality

  • Scientific Benefits Summary

    🎯 Key Takeaways

    • Reduces cortisol (stress hormone) by up to 20% after regular practice
    • Increases GABA (calming neurotransmitter) levels
    • Improves heart rate variability (stress resilience marker)
    • Activates parasympathetic nervous system (relaxation response)
    • Synchronizes brain hemispheres (whole-brain function)
    • Reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients
    • Improves focus and attention in clinical trials


    The 5-Minute OM Practice

    Try this daily practice:

    Morning Protocol:

  • Sit quietly for 30 seconds

  • Take 3 deep breaths

  • Chant OM 7 times, slowly

  • Sit in silence for 1 minute

  • Notice how you feel
  • What to expect:

  • Week 1: Relaxation during practice

  • Week 2-3: Effects linger after practice

  • Month 1: Noticeable changes in stress response

  • Month 3+: Lasting neurological changes

  • Why It Works: The Unified Theory

    Everything we've covered points to one mechanism: entrainment.

    Your nervous system naturally synchronizes with rhythmic stimuli. When you chant OM:

  • Your vagus nerve entrains to the rhythm

  • Your brain waves shift to alpha/theta

  • Your heart rate becomes more coherent

  • Your breath naturally deepens

  • Your mind quiets its chatter
  • The ancient yogis didn't have fMRI machines. But they discovered through millennia of practice what neuroscience is now confirming: specific sounds create specific states.

    OM is perhaps the most precisely tuned "instrument" ever created for human consciousness.


    Experience OM with Perfect Pronunciation

    The benefits of OM are maximized when pronounced correctly. Learn the proper technique with Vedic Voice's AI pronunciation feedback—ensuring your practice delivers the full physiological and spiritual benefits.


    Sources

  • Kalyani, B.G., et al. "Neurohemodynamic correlates of 'OM' chanting." International Journal of Yoga (2011)

  • Telles, S., et al. "Autonomic changes during 'OM' meditation." Indian J Physiol Pharmacol (1998)

  • Bernardi, L., et al. "Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms." BMJ (2001)

  • Kumar, S., et al. "Meditation on OM: Relevance from ancient texts and contemporary science." Int J Yoga (2010)

  • Mandukya Upanishad with Gaudapada's Karika (translated)

  • Practice What You've Learned

    Get AI-powered pronunciation feedback on mantras like Gayatri, Om Namah Shivaya, and more.

    Try Free